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This question is about hydrocarbons and crude oil - AQA - GCSE Chemistry Combined Science - Question 7 - 2019 - Paper 2
Question 7
This question is about hydrocarbons and crude oil. 07.1 Hydrocarbon fuels are produced from crude oil. Describe how crude oil is separated into fractions. Butane ... show full transcript
Worked Solution & Example Answer:This question is about hydrocarbons and crude oil - AQA - GCSE Chemistry Combined Science - Question 7 - 2019 - Paper 2
Step 1
Describe how crude oil is separated into fractions.
Answer
Crude oil is separated into fractions through a process called fractional distillation. Initially, crude oil is heated or vaporized in a distillation column. As the temperature increases within the column, the oil vapors rise, allowing the lighter fractions to condense at higher levels in the column while heavier fractions condense lower down. Each fraction condenses at different boiling points, resulting in the separation of various hydrocarbons with distinct properties.
Step 2
Why are different products formed?
Answer
Different products are formed during the combustion of butane due to varying amounts of oxygen available in the reactions. In scenarios where there is limited oxygen, incomplete combustion occurs, leading to the production of carbon monoxide (CO) along with water. Conversely, if there is sufficient oxygen, complete combustion can occur, resulting in carbon dioxide (CO2) and water (H2O) as products.
Step 4
Describe the greenhouse effect in terms of the interaction of short and long wavelength radiation with matter.
Answer
The greenhouse effect occurs when short wavelength radiation from the sun enters the Earth's atmosphere. Some of this radiation is absorbed by the Earth's surface, which then re-emits it as longer wavelength infrared radiation. Greenhouse gases, such as carbon dioxide (CO2), trap this longer wavelength radiation, preventing it from escaping back into space. This process leads to an increase in the Earth's temperature, contributing to global warming.