Titanium is a transition metal - AQA - GCSE Chemistry - Question 8 - 2018 - Paper 1
Question 8
Titanium is a transition metal.
Titanium is extracted from titanium dioxide in a two stage industrial process.
Stage 1
TiO₂ + 2 C + 2 Cl₂ → TiCl₄ + 2 CO
Stage 2
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Worked Solution & Example Answer:Titanium is a transition metal - AQA - GCSE Chemistry - Question 8 - 2018 - Paper 1
Step 1
Suggest one hazard associated with Stage 1.
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Answer
One hazard associated with Stage 1 is that chlorine is toxic, which can pose serious health risks.
Step 2
Give one reason why it would be hazardous if water came into contact with sodium.
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Water would react violently with sodium, producing hydrogen gas which is flammable and can lead to explosions.
Step 3
Suggest why the reaction in Stage 2 is carried out in an atmosphere of argon and not in air.
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The reaction in Stage 2 is carried out in an atmosphere of argon because oxygen from the air would react with sodium, leading to unwanted side reactions and potentially hazardous situations.
Step 4
Explain why you would not expect titanium chloride to be a liquid at room temperature.
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You would not expect titanium chloride to be a liquid at room temperature because most metal chlorides are ionic compounds with strong electrostatic forces between ions, resulting in high melting points.
Step 5
Why is this an oxidation reaction?
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This is an oxidation reaction because sodium atoms lose electrons to form sodium ions, indicating an increase in oxidation state.
Step 6
Complete the half equation for the oxidation reaction.
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Na → Na⁺ + e⁻
Step 7
Explain why titanium chloride is the limiting reactant.
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Titanium chloride is the limiting reactant because when calculating the required moles, the amount available is less than needed to react with the sodium, as 40 kg of titanium chloride requires more sodium than can be provided.
Step 8
Calculate the actual mass of titanium produced.
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The actual mass of titanium produced is calculated as follows:
Actual mass = (Percentage yield / 100) × Theoretical maximum mass = (92.3 / 100) × 13.5 kg = 12.5 kg.
