Methylated spirit is a useful product made from a mixture of substances - AQA - GCSE Chemistry - Question 2 - 2018 - Paper 2
Question 2
Methylated spirit is a useful product made from a mixture of substances.
Table 1 shows the mass of the substances in a sample of methylated spirit.
Table 1
Substa... show full transcript
Worked Solution & Example Answer:Methylated spirit is a useful product made from a mixture of substances - AQA - GCSE Chemistry - Question 2 - 2018 - Paper 2
Step 1
What name is given to a useful product such as methylated spirit?
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Answer
The name given to a useful product such as methylated spirit is a 'formulation.'
Step 2
Calculate the percentage by mass of methanol in methylated spirit.
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Answer
To calculate the percentage by mass of methanol in methylated spirit, we use the formula:
ext{Percentage of Methanol} = rac{ ext{Mass of Methanol}}{ ext{Total Mass}} imes 100
Where:
Mass of Methanol = 23.3 g
Total Mass = 265.5 g + 23.3 g + 3.0 g + 1.5 g = 293.3 g
Suggest why pyridine and methyl violet are added to ethanol to make methylated spirit.
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Pyridine and methyl violet are added to ethanol to deter consumption or drinking by people, as they have very unpleasant smells.
Step 4
Suggest one use of methylated spirit.
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One use of methylated spirit is as a fuel.
Step 5
Describe how ethanol is produced from sugar solution. Give the name of this process.
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Ethanol is produced from sugar solution through a process called fermentation. In this process, yeast is added to the sugar solution, which undergoes anaerobic conditions to convert sugar into ethanol and carbon dioxide.
Step 6
Complete Figure 2.
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The completed Figure 2 for ethanol is:
H
|
H - C - OH
|
C
|
H
This shows the full molecular structure of ethanol.
Step 7
Name the gas produced when sodium is added to ethanol.
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The gas produced when sodium is added to ethanol is hydrogen (H₂).
Step 8
What type of substance reacts with methanol to produce methanoic acid?
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The substance that reacts with methanol to produce methanoic acid is an oxidizing agent.
