Using Figure 8, how long is the coastline between points X and Y? Shade one circle only - AQA - GCSE Geography - Question 3 - 2021 - Paper 1

From the lighthouse at coordinates 676421, you would be facing northeast towards the dunes at 690433.

One piece of evidence indicating that Hunstanton is a tourist resort is the presence of a tourist information center. This facility typically provides services and information that cater to visitors.

An example of a mass movement affecting the cliffs could be coastal erosion, which leads to the gradual wearing away of the cliff face due to wave action.

A spit is formed through the process of longshore drift, where sand or shingle is transported along the coast by prevailing winds and waves. This material gradually accumulates and extends out into the sea, forming a spit. The formation typically occurs at the mouth of an estuary, where the coastline bends and allows sediment to build up, creating a sandbar that can curve due to wave action. The spit continues to grow until it is either eroded by stronger waves or reaches a point where sediment deposition is slower than removal.

Soft engineering strategies, such as beach nourishment and managed retreat, have several benefits. Beach nourishment involves adding sand to the beach to combat erosion and improve recreational space, which can enhance tourism and local economy. Managed retreat allows coastal ecosystems to adapt to rising sea levels and provide natural barriers against storms. However, costs include the continuous need for maintenance and replenishment of materials, which can be financially burdensome for local authorities. Additionally, these strategies may not provide total protection against severe weather events, potentially leading to loss of land and property.