Write an account of how conflict with the Dutch affected Restoration England. - AQA - GCSE History - Question 3 - 2021 - Paper 1

One of the principal causes of the conflict was competition for overseas trade, where both nations aimed to expand their influence and wealth through colonies. The English sought to disrupt the Dutch monopoly on the spice trade and an advantageous position in the emerging Atlantic trade routes. The discontent in Restoration England regarding the Dutch influence heightened tensions that led to military encounters.

The conflicts culminated in several naval confrontations, notably the Anglo-Dutch Wars (1665-1667). The English naval forces, under Charles II's command, faced off against the Dutch, leading to battles such as the Battle of Medway in 1667, resulting in a severe defeat for the English. Strategic missteps reflected a weakened English naval strategy and a need for reforms.

The conflict with the Dutch significantly impacted Restoration England politically and economically. Diplomatically, it forced England to reconsider its naval strategies and led to financial strains, prompting the government to negotiate, eventually culminating in the Treaty of Breda (1667). The war also fostered nationalistic sentiments, contributing to a sense of identity and purpose in naval expansion.

Furthermore, the internal political dynamics were shaped as well, with calls for accountability from leaders. The challenges faced during the conflict contributed to a growing understanding of naval capabilities and initiated naval reforms that would influence England’s maritime supremacy in the years to come.