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Write an account of how Edward I's armies fought. - AQA - GCSE History - Question 3 - 2022 - Paper 1
Question 3
Write an account of how Edward I's armies fought.
Worked Solution & Example Answer:Write an account of how Edward I's armies fought. - AQA - GCSE History - Question 3 - 2022 - Paper 1
Step 1
Edward I's Armies: Warfare Tactics and Structure
Answer
Edward I's armies were characterized by a strategic blend of infantry and cavalry. The backbone of his forces were foot soldiers who were primarily armed with crossbows, pikes, and swords. These infantry units provided the essential strength during battles, particularly in the key engagements of the era.
Additionally, the use of long-range weaponry, such as crossbows, allowed the armies to engage enemies from a distance before close-quarters combat took place. This tactic was crucial in battles such as the Battle of Stirling Bridge in 1297.
Another significant aspect of Edward I's military strategy involved the nobility who led the cavalry charge. Knights and nobles would typically fight on horseback, often providing a sight of power and intimidating the enemy. However, not all nobles could afford horses, which left some to fight on foot. The effectiveness of these noble cavalry units depended on their organization and the decision-making of their leaders during chaotic conflicts.
Overall, Edward I's armies fought with a balance of mobility and firepower, often adapting tactics to suit the battlefield conditions.
Step 2
The Role of Leadership and Nobility
Answer
Leadership played a crucial role in Edward I's military campaigns. Nobles were expected to lead troops into battle, and their personal banners symbolized their families. Identification of these banners allowed soldiers to recognize their leaders, although it also made them prime targets for the enemy. This aspect was highlighted during battles when capturing a noble could lead to significant ransoms, as seen in the conflict at the Battle of Lewis in 1264.
Moreover, decisions made by leaders were critical in determining the outcome of battles. For instance, poor leadership could result in disorganization and confusion among troops, as was noted in several of Edward's campaigns.