Write an account of how Edward I conquered Wales. - AQA - GCSE History - Question 3 - 2021 - Paper 1

Edward I initiated a series of military campaigns against Wales, beginning with the invasion in 1277. He strategically defeated the forces led by Llywelyn ap Gruffudd, the Prince of Wales, and forced him to accept English overlordship. This marked the beginning of Edward’s concerted effort to gain territorial control.

To solidify his grip on Wales, Edward constructed a number of imposing castles, including those at Caernarfon and Conwy. These fortifications not only served as military strongholds but also as symbols of English authority over the Welsh people.

In 1284, Edward enacted the Statute of Rhuddlan, which effectively incorporated Wales into the English legal system. This statutory framework stripped the Welsh of considerable autonomy and signified a profound change in governance, marking Wales as a principality under English rule.

The Welsh resistance was persistent, as seen in the rebellion of 1294 led by Madog ap Llywelyn. However, Edward’s strong military presence and effective use of both warfare and political strategies led to the eventual suppression of these uprisings, further ensuring English control.

By the end of his reign, Edward I had successfully conquered and integrated Wales into the English kingdom. His campaigns laid the groundwork for a lasting English presence in Wales, which prompted significant cultural and political changes in the region.