'Leadership was the main reason for success in battle during the Norman period.' How far does a study of the Battle of Hastings support this statement? Explain your answer - AQA - GCSE History - Question 4 - 2020 - Paper 1

To evaluate the extent to which leadership was the main reason for success during the Battle of Hastings, we need to consider various elements that influenced the outcome, focusing on the roles of William the Conqueror and Harold Godwinson.

Leadership of William the Conqueror
William demonstrated effective leadership through his strategic planning. He utilized feigned retreats to mislead Harold's forces, understanding that they would pursue him. This tactic showcased his ability to adapt to battlefield conditions, allowing him to exploit weaknesses in Harold's command.

Leadership of Harold Godwinson
Conversely, Harold's leadership faced challenges. His decision to engage at Hastings after a long march from Stamford Bridge, along with poor communication among his forces, contributed to their weakness. His reliance on infantry against William’s cavalry further exemplified shortcomings in leadership, as he underestimated the importance of cavalry warfare in this era.

Other factors
However, while leadership was critical, it’s essential to acknowledge other factors that influenced the battle’s outcome. For instance, the use of technology, like archers and mounted knights, played a significant role. William’s utilization of cavalry helped break Harold’s shield wall, illustrating that advancements in military tactics and technology also heavily impacted the battle's result.

In conclusion, while leadership significantly influenced the outcome of the Battle of Hastings, it was not the sole reason for success. The combination of effective technological use, strategic planning, and the ability to adapt to battlefield situations ultimately determined the victor.