Explain two ways in which migration to Britain in the nineteenth century and migration to Britain after the Second World War were similar. - AQA - GCSE History - Question 3 - 2020 - Paper 1

Similarity 1: Economic Opportunities

Both migrations were driven significantly by the search for better economic opportunities. In the nineteenth century, many migrants, particularly from Ireland and Eastern Europe, sought employment in the industrial sectors of Britain. They were drawn by the promise of work in factories, which was crucial during the Industrial Revolution.

Similarly, after the Second World War, Britain faced labor shortages and actively encouraged migration from the Commonwealth nations, such as the Caribbean, India, and Pakistan. These migrants often took up jobs in sectors like transport, healthcare, and manufacturing, helping to rebuild the economy.

Similarity 2: Social Discrimination and Challenges

Both groups faced social discrimination upon their arrival. In the nineteenth century, migrants like the Jewish population faced hostility and prejudice, as they were often viewed as outsiders. They frequently had to navigate a society that was not entirely welcoming.

After the Second World War, Commonwealth migrants, particularly those from the Caribbean and South Asia, experienced similar challenges. They faced racial discrimination, which was evident in both their integration into the workforce and in social situations. This lack of acceptance showcased the recurring theme of social challenges for migrants in both periods.