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Write an account of how the Nazi–Soviet Pact led to war. - AQA - GCSE History - Question 3 - 2021 - Paper 1
Question 3
Write an account of how the Nazi–Soviet Pact led to war.
Worked Solution & Example Answer:Write an account of how the Nazi–Soviet Pact led to war. - AQA - GCSE History - Question 3 - 2021 - Paper 1
Step 1
Introduction to the Nazi–Soviet Pact
Answer
The Nazi–Soviet Pact, formally known as the Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact, was signed on August 23, 1939. This non-aggression treaty between Nazi Germany and the Soviet Union had significant implications for Europe, particularly in the lead-up to World War II. The Pact included secret protocols that divided Eastern Europe into spheres of influence, effectively allowing both powers to carve out territories without conflict.
Step 2
Immediate Consequences of the Pact
Answer
By signing the Pact, Hitler felt emboldened to invade Poland on September 1, 1939, as he was assured that the Soviet Union would not oppose him. The mutual agreement to invade Poland led to a swift and brutal partition of the country, igniting tensions that would draw in Britain and France, who had obligations to defend Poland.
Step 3
Broader Implications for Europe
Answer
The Nazi-Soviet Pact fundamentally altered the geopolitical landscape of Europe. It allowed Germany to focus its military efforts against Western Europe without worrying about fighting a war on two fronts. This shift enabled the Axis Powers to strengthen their positions, ultimately leading to a full-scale war as Britain and France declared war on Germany on September 3, 1939, in response to the invasion of Poland.
Step 4
Conclusion: The Pact as a Catalyst for War
Answer
In conclusion, the Nazi-Soviet Pact set the stage for World War II by facilitating the invasion of Poland, removing the threat of a two-front war for Germany, and triggering the involvement of Britain and France. The alliance, while superficially non-aggressive, was a strategic maneuver that allowed both powers to advance their territorial ambitions and ultimately lead Europe into conflict.