Explain the relationship between arousal level and performance level in the inverted-U theory - AQA - GCSE Physical Education - Question 7 - 2023 - Paper 2

The inverted-U theory suggests that there is an optimal arousal level that leads to peak performance.

1. Low Arousal: When arousal levels are low, such as in a rugby match when a player feels unmotivated, they may not put enough force into their actions. For instance, if a player is tackling an opponent, they may allow the opponent to push through easily, as they lack the necessary energy.

2. Optimal Arousal: At this point, the individual exhibits increased focus and energy. In the context of a rugby tackle, the player would engage with maximum effort, executing the tackle at the right time and place to stop the opposing player effectively.

3. High Arousal: However, if arousal levels become too high, the player may become anxious or reckless, leading to poor decision-making. For example, if a player is overly aggressive, they might execute a careless high tackle, risking penalties and negative consequences for their team.

In summary, the arousal level influences performance significantly, with both low and excessive arousal hindering effectiveness, while optimal arousal fosters peak performance.