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Performers may train at high altitude - AQA - GCSE Physical Education - Question 17 - 2021 - Paper 1
Question 17
Performers may train at high altitude. This usually takes place at over 2000 m above sea level for at least 30 days. Discuss whether altitude training is an effecti... show full transcript
Worked Solution & Example Answer:Performers may train at high altitude - AQA - GCSE Physical Education - Question 17 - 2021 - Paper 1
Step 1
For (sub max 3 marks)
Answer
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Increase in Red Blood Cells: Training at high altitude leads to an increase in the number of red blood cells (haemoglobin). This enhancement increases the oxygen-carrying capacity of the blood, allowing the swimmer to swim more efficiently and faster for longer periods, which is crucial for a better performance in long-distance events.
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Buffering Capacity Increase: Altitude training also enhances the buffering capacity of the blood, which helps the body cope with the build-up of lactic acid. As a result, swimmers can maintain their speed without needing to slow down significantly in the later stages of a race.
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Competitive Advantage: An athlete's performance can significantly improve due to enhanced aerobic capacity at higher altitudes. This increase may lead to an advantage in endurance events, particularly in competitions when the swimmer resumes sea-level conditions after training.
Step 2
Against (sub max 3 marks)
Answer
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Oxygen Deficiency Risks: While training at high altitude, swimmers may encounter oxygen deficiency, which can lead to adverse effects such as altitude sickness. This can compromise their ability to train effectively.
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Variable Adaptation Effectiveness: The benefits of altitude training might not be pronounced in all athletes. Individuals vary in their physiological responses, and some may not experience significant improvements or might even regress if unable to adjust.
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Short-Term Benefits: The advantages gained from altitude training can be temporary; performance increases might only last for a short duration, making it essential for athletes to carefully time their altitude exposure to align with competition schedules.