A student investigated the angle of a ramp affects the force required to hold a trolley stationary on the ramp - AQA - GCSE Physics - Question 4 - 2021 - Paper 1
Question 4
A student investigated the angle of a ramp affects the force required to hold a trolley stationary on the ramp.
Figure 10 shows the equipment used.
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Figure 10
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Worked Solution & Example Answer:A student investigated the angle of a ramp affects the force required to hold a trolley stationary on the ramp - AQA - GCSE Physics - Question 4 - 2021 - Paper 1
Step 1
Measure the angle Y in Figure 10
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Answer
To measure angle Y, the student should use a protractor, aligning it so that the baseline matches with the bench, and read off the angle formed by the ramp. The measured angle Y is 30 degrees.
Step 2
What type of error is shown on the newtonmeter in Figure 11?
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Answer
The error shown on the newtonmeter in Figure 11 is a zero error. This occurs when the instrument does not read zero when it should, leading to consistently incorrect measurements.
Step 3
How can this error be corrected after the measurements have been taken?
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Answer
To correct this error, one can subtract 0.5 N from each measurement taken. This adjustment accounts for the zero error identified in the measurement.
Step 4
Plot the missing results from Table 2 on Figure 12
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Answer
To plot the missing results, start by calculating the force in newtons for each angle in degrees listed in Table 2. For example:
5 degrees corresponds to 0.9 N.
10 degrees corresponds to 1.7 N.
15 degrees corresponds to 2.6 N.
20 degrees corresponds to 3.4 N.
25 degrees corresponds to 4.2 N.
30 degrees corresponds to 5.0 N.
These values should be accurately plotted on Figure 12.
Step 5
Explain one advantage of using the long ramp compared with using the short ramp.
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Answer
Using the long ramp has the advantage of a smaller angle, resulting in a shallower gradient. This means that less force is required to hold the wheelchair stationary on the ramp, making it easier and safer to use.
Step 6
Calculate the work done to move the wheelchair up the ramp.
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Answer
To calculate the work done, we use the equation:
W=Fimesd
where:
W is the work done,
F is the force applied (160 N), and
d is the distance moved (2.5 m).
Substituting the values, we have:
W=160imes2.5=400extJ.
Thus, the work done to move the wheelchair up the ramp is 400 joules.
