Infrared waves are transverse waves - AQA - GCSE Physics - Question 1 - 2023 - Paper 2

1. Heat water in a kettle.
2. Add an equal volume of hot water to each flask (black and silver).
3. Insert a thermometer into each flask to measure the temperature.
4. Record the initial temperature in both flasks.
5. Place an IR detector near each flask, ensuring the distance is the same for both.
6. Start a stop clock.
7. After 10 minutes, record the temperatures in each flask again.
8. Calculate the temperature change for both flasks during this time.
9. Compare the temperature changes to determine which flask emitted more infrared radiation.

Tick (✓) one box: During the 1st minute. This is when there is the greatest temperature difference between the hot water in the flasks and the surrounding environment.

Tick (✓) one box: pressure = force ÷ area.

The force can be calculated using the formula:

$ext{Pressure} = \frac{\text{Force}}{\text{Area}}$

Rearranging gives:

$\text{Force} = \text{Pressure} \times \text{Area}$

Substituting the given values:

$\text{Force} = 1500 \text{ Pa} \times 0.0144 \text{ m}^2 = 21.6 \text{ N}$