GCSE Edexcel Biology Combined Science Circulatory system - blood vessels: Figure 5 shows a cross section o

Figure 5 shows a cross section of an artery and a vein - Edexcel - GCSE Biology Combined Science - Question 3 - 2019 - Paper 1

Question 3

Figure 5 shows a cross section of an artery and a vein. (i) Measure the length of line A and the length of line B in mm. line A ____________________ mm line B ____... show full transcript

Worked Solution & Example Answer:Figure 5 shows a cross section of an artery and a vein - Edexcel - GCSE Biology Combined Science - Question 3 - 2019 - Paper 1

Step 1

Measure the length of line A and the length of line B in mm.

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Answer

To accurately measure line A and line B, a ruler or a digital measuring tool should be utilized to determine the lengths in millimeters. For example:

line A: 10 mm
line B: 5 mm

Step 2

State the ratio of the thickness of the artery wall to the thickness of the vein wall.

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Answer

The thickness of the artery wall is significantly greater than that of the vein wall due to the higher pressure of blood flow in arteries. If we assume:

thickness of artery wall = 2 mm
thickness of vein wall = 1 mm,

then the ratio can be expressed as:

$\text{Ratio} = \frac{\text{Thickness of artery wall}}{\text{Thickness of vein wall}} = \frac{2 \text{ mm}}{1 \text{ mm}} = 2:1$

Step 3

Give a reason why veins have valves.

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Answer

Veins have valves to prevent the backflow of blood. These one-way valves ensure that blood flows towards the heart, especially in the limbs where blood must travel against gravity.

Step 4

Name the artery that transports oxygenated blood from the heart to the body.

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Answer

The artery that transports oxygenated blood from the heart to the body is the aorta.

Figure 5 shows a cross section of an artery and a vein - Edexcel - GCSE Biology Combined Science - Question 3 - 2019 - Paper 1

Worked Solution & Example Answer:Figure 5 shows a cross section of an artery and a vein - Edexcel - GCSE Biology Combined Science - Question 3 - 2019 - Paper 1

Measure the length of line A and the length of line B in mm.

State the ratio of the thickness of the artery wall to the thickness of the vein wall.

Give a reason why veins have valves.

Name the artery that transports oxygenated blood from the heart to the body.

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