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Figure 5 shows how alcohol consumption increases the risk of developing liver cancer - Edexcel - GCSE Biology Combined Science - Question 4 - 2021 - Paper 1
Question 4
Figure 5 shows how alcohol consumption increases the risk of developing liver cancer. Someone who does not drink alcohol has a 1.0 risk of developing liver cancer. ... show full transcript
Worked Solution & Example Answer:Figure 5 shows how alcohol consumption increases the risk of developing liver cancer - Edexcel - GCSE Biology Combined Science - Question 4 - 2021 - Paper 1
Step 1
Calculate the risk of developing liver cancer for someone who consumes 4 units of alcohol a day.
Answer
To find the risk for someone consuming 4 units of alcohol:
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Calculate the total grams of alcohol:
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Using the graph, determine the corresponding risk of developing liver cancer for 32 grams:
- From Figure 5, the risk is approximately 1.2.
Therefore, the risk of developing liver cancer for someone who consumes 4 units of alcohol a day is 1.2.
Step 2
Describe how cancer develops in the liver.
Answer
Cancer development in the liver can involve several processes:
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Mutations in DNA: Genetic mutations can occur due to various factors, leading to changes in the normal function of the cells.
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Uncontrolled Cell Division: The mutated cells may begin dividing uncontrollably.
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Tumor Formation: This leads to a mass of cells, also known as a tumor, which can interfere with the normal function of the liver.
Step 3
Step 4
State and explain the genotype of female Z.
Answer
The genotype of female Z is heterozygous (Hh).
This means she carries one dominant allele (H) and one recessive allele (h). Her offspring's possibilities indicate that at least one must have inherited the recessive allele for haemochromatosis.