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Figure 10 shows the concentration of the hormones oestrogen and progesterone in the blood of women of different ages - Edexcel - GCSE Biology Combined Science - Question 6 - 2018 - Paper 1
Question 6
Figure 10 shows the concentration of the hormones oestrogen and progesterone in the blood of women of different ages. (i) Use information from Figure 10 to explain ... show full transcript
Worked Solution & Example Answer:Figure 10 shows the concentration of the hormones oestrogen and progesterone in the blood of women of different ages - Edexcel - GCSE Biology Combined Science - Question 6 - 2018 - Paper 1
Step 1
Use information from Figure 10 to explain why women over the age of 50 are less likely to ovulate.
Answer
Women over the age of 50 have low levels of oestrogen. This low concentration of oestrogen means that there is not enough to stimulate the surge of luteinizing hormone (LH) that is necessary for ovulation to occur. Without sufficient LH, an egg is not released from the ovaries.
Step 2
Use information from Figure 10 to explain why women are less likely to menstruate after the age of 60.
Answer
After the age of 60, women experience even lower levels of oestrogen, which prevents the lining of the uterus from building up properly. This means that there is no buildup to be shed during menstruation, resulting in a cessation of menstrual periods.
Step 3
Explain how clomifene therapy may increase the chance of a woman over the age of 50 becoming pregnant.
Answer
Clomifene therapy works by causing the release of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH). The increase in FSH stimulates the development of ovarian follicles, which may lead to egg maturation and release, helping to improve the chances of conception.
Step 5
Explain how the release of adrenalin can result in the improved performance of an athlete.
Answer
The release of adrenalin triggers the 'fight or flight' response, increasing heart rate and blood flow to muscles. This leads to improved oxygen delivery and energy availability, enhancing physical performance. Additionally, adrenalin can increase glycogen breakdown in the liver and muscles, providing a quick source of energy during intense exercise.