The diagram shows two vessels found in the stems of plants - Edexcel - GCSE Biology - Question 5 - 2013 - Paper 1

The appropriate cell component that supplies energy for the transport of sugars is mitochondria, as they are the powerhouse of the cell and produce ATP, which is essential for energy-intensive processes.

During exercise, the body prioritizes blood flow to the muscles that are actively working, hence increasing the percentage of blood delivered to muscles from 15% at rest to 66%. This redirection of blood ensures that the muscles receive sufficient oxygen and nutrients to meet the heightened metabolic demands. Conversely, less blood is directed to non-essential areas such as the brain and liver since these areas require less immediate blood flow during physical activity.

A disadvantage of anaerobic respiration is that it results in the production of lactic acid, which can lead to muscle fatigue and discomfort.

The circulatory system transports various substances throughout the body, primarily through the blood. It consists of the heart, blood vessels, and blood. The heart pumps oxygenated blood from the lungs to the body tissues, delivering necessary nutrients and oxygen. Deoxygenated blood returns to the heart and is pumped to the lungs for gas exchange, where it releases carbon dioxide and absorbs oxygen. Additionally, the circulatory system transports hormones, waste products, and cells of the immune system, ensuring the regulation of body functions and maintaining homeostasis.