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The diagram shows three types of insect collected from trees in a small area of woodland. - Edexcel - GCSE Biology - Question 4 - 2018 - Paper 1
Question 4
The diagram shows three types of insect collected from trees in a small area of woodland.
Worked Solution & Example Answer:The diagram shows three types of insect collected from trees in a small area of woodland. - Edexcel - GCSE Biology - Question 4 - 2018 - Paper 1
Step 1
4 (a) (i) Calculate the ratio of the three types of insects.
Answer
The ratio can be calculated by counting the number of each type of insect observed in the diagram. For instance, if Beetle A: 6, Beetle B: 3, and Beetle C: 1, the ratio can be simplified. The total counts are 6:3:1, and then simplifying gives the final ratio of 6:3 or 2:1.
Step 2
4 (a) (ii) Describe how to collect data on insects.
Answer
To collect data on insects, one should use the following steps:
- Named appropriate equipment: Use a net or pitfall traps for collecting insects.
- Use within a set area: Define a specific area for data collection, such as a square meter of woodland.
- Repeat over several areas of woodland: Conduct the insect collection multiple times in different sections of woodland to gather comprehensive data.
- Count wingless moths: Specifically count the number of wingless moths observed in the collected samples.
- Scale up to area of woodland: Use the observed data to extrapolate estimates for larger areas of woodland.
Step 4
4 (b) (ii) Describe the process of fertilization.
Answer
Fertilization involves several key steps:
- Male and female gametes join: The male and female gametes (sperm and egg) fuse to form a zygote.
- DNA/nuclei combine: The genetic material from the male and female gametes merges, contributing to the genetic makeup of the zygote.
- Zygote/diploid cell produced: The resulting cell is a diploid zygote, which has the full set of chromosomes.
Step 5
4 (b) (iii) Describe the process of cell division.
Answer
Cell division can occur through the following steps:
- Stem cell divides: Stem cells undergo division, which can lead to the creation of differentiated cells.
- By mitosis: The process of division often occurs via mitosis, allowing for growth and repair of tissues.
- Cells differentiate/become specialised: As a result of division, some cells become specialized to perform specific functions in the organism.