The reaction time of five people was tested using a computer. These people were given 100 cm³ of a liquid to drink. Their reaction times were recorded 10 minutes after drinking the liquid. Figure 9 shows the results. Calculate the mean difference in reaction time. Give your answer in milliseconds. The drinks manufacturer wants to advertise the effect of the drink on reaction time. The manufacture needs to confirm the effect on reaction time by improving the investigation. Give two improvements the manufacturer would need to make to this investigation. Figure 10 shows a neurone. Name the type of neurone shown in Figure 10. Which row identifies structure P and structure Q? Some painkillers prevent neurotransmitters binding to receptors in a synapse. Explain how a signal is transmitted at a synapse and how the painkillers reduce the pain felt by the person.

Photo AI

The reaction time of five people was tested using a computer - Edexcel - GCSE Biology - Question 8 - 2020 - Paper 1

Question 8

The reaction time of five people was tested using a computer. These people were given 100 cm³ of a liquid to drink. Their reaction times were recorded 10 minutes a... show full transcript

Worked Solution & Example Answer:The reaction time of five people was tested using a computer - Edexcel - GCSE Biology - Question 8 - 2020 - Paper 1

Step 1

Calculate the mean difference in reaction time.

96%

114 rated

Answer

To calculate the mean difference in reaction time, we first identify the differences from the table:

Person 1: -0.011
Person 2: -0.002
Person 3: -0.009
Person 4: -0.020
Person 5: -0.007

Next, we add these differences:

$(-0.011) + (-0.002) + (-0.009) + (-0.020) + (-0.007) = -0.049$

Now, we divide by the number of participants, which is 5:

$\text{Mean} = \frac{-0.049}{5} = -0.0098$

In milliseconds, this is $-0.0098 \times 1000 = -9.8$ ms.

Step 2

Give two improvements the manufacturer would need to make to this investigation.

99%

104 rated

Answer

Increase the sample size: Selecting more participants would provide a more reliable result by reducing the effect of individual variations in reaction time.
Use a controlled environment: Ensuring all participants are tested under the same environmental conditions (e.g., noise, lighting, and time of day) would minimize any external factors affecting their reaction times.

Step 3

Name the type of neurone shown in Figure 10.

96%

101 rated

Answer

The type of neurone shown in Figure 10 is a motor neurone.

Step 4

Which row identifies structure P and structure Q?

98%

120 rated

Answer

The correct identification is:

Structure P is the cell body and Structure Q is the dendron.

Step 5

Explain how a signal is transmitted at a synapse and how the painkillers reduce the pain felt by the person.

97%

117 rated

Answer

At a synapse, a signal is transmitted through the following steps:

Transmission of Electrical Impulses: When an electrical impulse reaches the end of a neurone, it triggers the release of neurotransmitters.
Chemical Signal: These neurotransmitters diffuse across the synaptic cleft and bind to receptors on the next neurone.
Triggering a Response: This binding action can trigger an electrical impulse in the next neurone, propagating the signal.

Painkillers work by inhibiting this transmission:

They prevent neurotransmitters from being released or binding to receptors in the next neurone.
As a result, the electrical impulse is not triggered, and the signal is not transmitted to the central nervous system, leading to the individual not feeling pain.

The reaction time of five people was tested using a computer - Edexcel - GCSE Biology - Question 8 - 2020 - Paper 1

Worked Solution & Example Answer:The reaction time of five people was tested using a computer - Edexcel - GCSE Biology - Question 8 - 2020 - Paper 1

Calculate the mean difference in reaction time.

Give two improvements the manufacturer would need to make to this investigation.

Name the type of neurone shown in Figure 10.

Which row identifies structure P and structure Q?

Explain how a signal is transmitted at a synapse and how the painkillers reduce the pain felt by the person.

Join the GCSE students using SimpleStudy...