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Crude oil is a mixture of hydrocarbons - Edexcel - GCSE Chemistry Combined Science - Question 3 - 2016 - Paper 1
Question 3
Crude oil is a mixture of hydrocarbons. It can be separated into fractions. (a) Which of these mixtures shows formulae of substances that could be in the gaseous fr... show full transcript
Worked Solution & Example Answer:Crude oil is a mixture of hydrocarbons - Edexcel - GCSE Chemistry Combined Science - Question 3 - 2016 - Paper 1
Step 1
Which of these mixtures shows formulae of substances that could be in the gaseous fraction of crude oil?
Answer
The mixture that shows formulae of substances likely found in the gaseous fraction of crude oil is option A: CₓHᵧC₂H₍ᵡʳᵃᵗᵉᵗᵉͩᵘ. This is because gaseous hydrocarbons typically include alkanes that generally consist of carbon and hydrogen atoms.
Step 2
State which oil well contains the greatest combined total of diesel oil and fuel oil.
Answer
To find out which oil well has the greatest combined total of diesel oil and fuel oil, we can add the respective percentages:
- Oil well A: 7% (diesel) + 26% (fuel) = 33%
- Oil well B: 10% (diesel) + 28% (fuel) = 38%
- Oil well C: 16% (diesel) + 30% (fuel) = 46% Therefore, Oil well C contains the greatest combined total of diesel oil and fuel oil.
Step 3
State which oil well produces a crude oil containing the highest percentage of the high boiling point fractions.
Answer
High boiling point fractions include diesel oil, fuel oil, and bitumen. Analyzing the total percentages for each oil well:
- Oil well A: 7% (diesel) + 26% (fuel) + 58% (bitumen) = 91%
- Oil well B: 10% (diesel) + 28% (fuel) + 27% (bitumen) = 65%
- Oil well C: 16% (diesel) + 30% (fuel) + 1% (bitumen) = 47% Hence, Oil well A produces a crude oil containing the highest percentage of high boiling point fractions.
Step 4
A sample of decane, C₁₀H₂₂, cracked using the apparatus in Figure 4.
Answer
The process of cracking allows larger alkane molecules like decane to break down into smaller hydrocarbons, including alkenes and branched alkanes. In this context, ethenes can be generated, making the process an essential method in the production of valuable petrochemical products.