In Figure 5, the letters A, E, G, J, X and Z show the positions of six elements in the periodic table - Edexcel - GCSE Chemistry Combined Science - Question 5 - 2019 - Paper 1

The two elements in period 2 are E and J. Period 2 consists of the elements from lithium (Li) to neon (Ne), which includes these letters.

The element that normally forms an ion with a charge of +1 is J. This indicates that J is likely a metal, such as sodium (Na) or another alkali metal.

The correct answer is A: 5 protons. The number of protons defines the element; thus, element E is likely boron (B), which has 5 protons.

The electronic configuration of an atom of element X, which has an atomic number of 18, is 2.8.8. This shows that there are 2 electrons in the first shell, 8 in the second shell, and 8 in the third shell.

To find the empirical formula:

1. Calculate the moles of A:

   $\text{Moles of A} = \frac{3.5\text{ g}}{7\text{ g/mol}} = 0.5\text{ moles}$

2. Calculate the moles of G:

   $\text{Moles of G} = \frac{4.0\text{ g}}{16\text{ g/mol}} = 0.25\text{ moles}$

3. Find the simplest ratio:

   $\text{Ratio of A to G} = \frac{0.5}{0.25} : \frac{0.25}{0.25} = 2 : 1$

Thus, the empirical formula is A₂G.

The dot and cross diagram for water (H₂O) can be represented as follows:

1. Oxygen has six outer shell electrons.
2. Each hydrogen has one outer shell electron.

    H •
    | 
 H • O :
    | 
    • •

This diagram shows the bonding between oxygen and hydrogen atoms.