Butene reacts with steam to produce butanol. C4H8 + H2O → C4H10O (i) Calculate the maximum mass of butanol, C4H10O, that can be produced when 1.4 kg of butene, C4H8, reacts with excess steam. (relative atomic masses: H = 1, C = 12, O = 16) relative molecular mass of butene, C4H8 = 56 mass of butanol = .................................kg (ii) What type of reaction takes place between butene and steam? A addition B dehydration C neutralisation D substitution (d) A sample of each of three hydrocarbons, X, Y and Z, was shaken with bromine water. Bromine water is orange coloured. The results are: X orange mixture becomes colourless Y orange mixture becomes colourless Z mixture remains orange Using the results, comment on the structures of the hydrocarbons X, Y and Z.

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Butene reacts with steam to produce butanol - Edexcel - GCSE Chemistry: Combined Science - Question 5 - 2016 - Paper 1

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Butene reacts with steam to produce butanol. C4H8 + H2O → C4H10O (i) Calculate the maximum mass of butanol, C4H10O, that can be produced when 1.4 kg of butene, C4H... show full transcript

Worked Solution & Example Answer:Butene reacts with steam to produce butanol - Edexcel - GCSE Chemistry: Combined Science - Question 5 - 2016 - Paper 1

Step 1

Calculate the maximum mass of butanol, C4H10O

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Answer

To calculate the maximum mass of butanol that can be produced from butene, we begin with the molar masses:

Molar mass of butene, C4H8: 56 g/mol
Molar mass of butanol, C4H10O: 74 g/mol

First, convert 1.4 kg of butene to grams:

1.4 kg = 1400 g

Calculate moles of butene:

$\text{Moles of butene} = \frac{\text{mass}}{\text{molar mass}} = \frac{1400 \text{ g}}{56 \text{ g/mol}} = 25 \text{ moles}$

The stoichiometry of the reaction indicates a 1:1 ratio of butene to butanol, so 25 moles of butene will yield 25 moles of butanol.

Next, convert moles of butanol to grams:

$\text{Mass of butanol} = \text{moles} \times \text{molar mass} = 25 \text{ moles} \times 74 \text{ g/mol} = 1850 \text{ g} = 1.85 \text{ kg}$

Thus, the maximum mass of butanol that can be produced is 1.85 kg.

Step 2

What type of reaction takes place between butene and steam?

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Answer

The reaction between butene and steam is classified as an addition reaction. This is because steam is added to the alkene (butene), resulting in the formation of butanol. Therefore, the correct answer is:

A. addition.

Step 3

Using the results, comment on the structures of the hydrocarbons X, Y and Z.

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From the results provided:

Hydrocarbon X: Orange mixture becomes colourless, indicating that it likely contains a double bond or a functional group that can react with bromine, likely an alkene.
Hydrocarbon Y: Orange mixture becomes colourless, similar to hydrocarbon X, suggesting it also likely contains a double bond or similar reactive sites.
Hydrocarbon Z: The mixture remains orange, indicating it doesn’t react with bromine water, suggesting it is likely a saturated hydrocarbon (an alkane) with no double bonds.

In summary, hydrocarbons X and Y are likely alkenes while hydrocarbon Z is most likely an alkane.

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