Most of the fuels used today are obtained from crude oil - Edexcel - GCSE Chemistry - Question 8 - 2019 - Paper 1
Question 8
Most of the fuels used today are obtained from crude oil.
(a) Which statement about crude oil is correct?
A crude oil is a compound of different hydrocarbons.
B cr... show full transcript
Worked Solution & Example Answer:Most of the fuels used today are obtained from crude oil - Edexcel - GCSE Chemistry - Question 8 - 2019 - Paper 1
Step 1
Which statement about crude oil is correct?
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Answer
The correct statement is B: crude oil is a mixture of hydrocarbons. Crude oil is composed of various types of hydrocarbons that exist together, rather than being a single compound or having an unlimited supply.
Step 2
State a use for each of these fractions.
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Answer
Kerosene: used as a fuel for aircraft, jets, lamps, and cooking.
Diesel oil: used as fuel for cars, trucks, and generators.
Step 3
Choose a property.
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Answer
Property: Boiling point.
Comparison: Kerosene has a lower boiling point compared to diesel oil, meaning it is vaporized and extracted at a higher position in the fractionating column.
Step 4
Explain, using these formulae, why butane and pentane are neighbouring members of the same homologous series.
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Answer
Butane (C₄H₁₀) and pentane (C₅H₁₂) are neighbouring members of the same homologous series because they differ by one CH₂ unit. They share the same general formula of CₙH₂ₙ₊₂, indicating that they are alkanes with similar chemical properties.
Step 5
Calculate the mass of carbon in 100 g of butane.
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To calculate the mass of carbon in 100 g of butane (C₄H₁₀):
The relative formula mass of butane is 58.0 g/mol.
Mass of carbon in butane = (4 carbon atoms × 12.0 g/mol) = 48 g.
Therefore, in 100 g of butane, the mass of carbon is:
=
= 48 g.
Step 6
Write the word equation for this reaction.
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