6 (a) Calculate the percentage by mass of nitrogen in ammonium nitrate, NH₄NO₃ - Edexcel - GCSE Chemistry - Question 6 - 2016 - Paper 1

To find the maximum mass of titanium (Ti) obtained from 500 tonnes of titanium(IV) chloride (TiCl₄), we will follow these steps:

1. Molar Mass of TiCl₄:

   • The relative formula mass of TiCl₄ is given as 190.

2. Stoichiometry of the Reaction: The equation shows a 1:1 molar ratio:

   $ext{TiCl₄ + 4Na} → ext{Ti + 4NaCl}$

   From 1 mole of TiCl₄, 1 mole of titanium is produced.

3. Convert 500 Tonnes to Grams:

   500 tonnes = 500,000 kg = 500,000,000 g.

4. Moles of TiCl₄:

   ext{Moles of TiCl₄} = rac{ ext{Mass}}{ ext{Molar Mass}} = rac{500,000,000 ext{ g}}{190 ext{ g/mol}} ≈ 2,631,579 ext{ mol}

5. Moles of Titanium:

   Since the molar ratio of TiCl₄ to Ti is 1:1, the moles of titanium produced is also 2,631,579 moles.

6. Mass of Titanium:

   $ext{Mass of Ti} = ext{Moles} × ext{Molar Mass} = 2,631,579 ext{ mol} × 48 ext{ g/mol} ≈ 126,000,000 ext{ g}$

   Convert grams to tonnes:

   $ext{Mass of Ti} ≈ 126,000 ext{ tonnes}$

One problem that may arise from reactions producing unwanted products is waste management. The generation of by-products necessitates additional resources and processes to separate, handle, and dispose of these unwanted substances. This can lead to increased production costs and potential environmental impacts, as improper disposal of chemical waste can have harmful effects on ecosystems and public health.