The ions in sodium chloride solution are sodium ions, Na⁺ chloride ions, Cl⁻ hydrogen ions, H⁺ hydroxide ions, OH⁻ Sodium chloride solution is electrolysed using a direct electric current - Edexcel - GCSE Chemistry - Question 1 - 2013 - Paper 1

In the half-equation 2Cl⁻ → Cl₂ + 2e⁻, chloride ions (Cl⁻) lose electrons during the reaction. This loss of electrons indicates that the chloride ions are being oxidised, as oxidation is defined as the process of losing electrons.

The solution becomes alkaline due to the formation of hydroxide ions (OH⁻) during the electrolysis process. These hydroxide ions increase the pH of the solution.

To produce metallic sodium, the electrolyte would need to be changed to a molten state, allowing the sodium ions to move freely and be reduced at the cathode.

When copper sulfate solution is electrolysed, water molecules are oxidised at the anode. The half-equation for this reaction is 2H₂O → O₂ + 4H⁺ + 4e⁻, which shows that oxygen gas is released, while hydrogen ions are produced.

To calculate the number of moles of copper produced, we use the formula:

$ext{Moles} = \frac{\text{mass}}{\text{relative atomic mass}}$

Plugging in the values:

$\text{Moles} = \frac{1.27}{63.5} \approx 0.02$

Thus, the number of moles of copper produced is approximately 0.02.