5. Fluorine, chlorine, bromine and iodine are elements in group 7 of the periodic table - Edexcel - GCSE Chemistry - Question 5 - 2021 - Paper 1

Another element that is in group 7 is astatine.

The element that is liquid at room temperature and pressure is C. bromine.

The element that is dark-grey in colour at room temperature and pressure is D. iodine.

To calculate the empirical formula of tin chloride, follow these steps:

1. Calculate the moles of tin (Sn):

   $\text{Moles of Sn} = \frac{\text{mass of Sn}}{\text{atomic mass of Sn}} = \frac{1.199 \text{ g}}{119.0 \text{ g/mol}} \approx 0.0101 \text{ mol}$

2. Calculate the moles of chlorine (Cl):

   $\text{Moles of Cl} = \frac{\text{mass of Cl}}{\text{atomic mass of Cl}} = \frac{1.429 \text{ g}}{35.5 \text{ g/mol}} \approx 0.0403 \text{ mol}$

3. Determine the simplest mole ratio:

   • Divide both moles by the smallest number of moles:
   • Sn: $\frac{0.0101}{0.0101} = 1$
   • Cl: $\frac{0.0403}{0.0101} \approx 4$

4. Write the empirical formula:

   The empirical formula is SnCl₄.