Most of the fuels used today are obtained from crude oil - Edexcel - GCSE Chemistry - Question 8 - 2019 - Paper 1

Kerosene: Used as fuel for aircraft and heating in lamps.
Diesel oil: Used as fuel for cars, trucks, and generators.

Property Chosen: Viscosity
Comparison: Kerosene has a lower viscosity than diesel oil, meaning it is thinner and flows more easily.

Butane (C4H10) and pentane (C5H12) are neighbours in the same homologous series because they differ by a single CH2 unit in their molecular structure. Each successive member of the series has one more carbon atom and two more hydrogen atoms compared to the previous one.

To find the mass of carbon in butane, we first determine the number of carbon atoms:

In butane, there are 4 carbon atoms:

Molar Mass of Butane (C4H10): 58.0 g/mol
Mass of Carbon in 100 g Butane:

i.e., Since the atomic mass of carbon = 12.0 g/mol:

egin{align*} ext{Mass of Carbon} &= ext{Number of Carbon Atoms} imes ext{Mass of ext{Carbon}}
&= 4 imes 12.0 ext{ g} = 48.0 ext{ g}
ext{Thus, in 100 g of butane:}
ext{Mass of carbon} &= 48.0 ext{ g}
ext{(to three significant figures:)}
&= 48.0 ext{ g} ext{(Total mass of butane: 58.0 g)} ext{Mass fraction of carbon = rac{48.0}{58.0} imes 100 = 82.76 ext{%}} ext{Thus, in 100 g of butane:} ext{Mass of carbon = }rac{48.0}{58.0} imes 100 = 82.76 g

Butane + Oxygen → Carbon Dioxide + Water

This equation represents the complete combustion of butane in the presence of oxygen.