5. The principles of computer science are used in computer game design - Edexcel - GCSE Computer Science - Question 5 - 2021 - Paper 1

A game console requires RAM because it provides the necessary working memory for running the game. RAM stores active game data, such as player positions, scores, and other variables, which can change frequently during gameplay. This ensures smooth performance and quick access to data in real-time.

Logic in computer games is utilized to create rules and systems that mimic real-world interactions. This involves programming behavior patterns for characters, environmental effects, and physics calculations. For example, using algorithms to simulate gravity, collision detection, and AI decision-making results in more immersive and lifelike gaming experiences.

The first two rows of pixels can be represented in binary data using RLE as follows:

• For the first row: 000 0011 (indicating 2 pixels of color 000 followed by 3 pixels of color 010)
• For the second row: 010 0101 (indicating 1 pixel of color 010 followed by 2 pixels of color 000)

Combining, the binary representation becomes:

• 000 0011
• 010 0101
• 000 0100

To find the maximum saving in bits using RLE, we need to account for the original number of bits versus the compressed size:

1. The resolution is 10x9 pixels, totaling 90 pixels.

2. Each pixel takes 7 bits (3 for color and 4 for run length):

   • So, original size = 90 pixels * 7 bits/pixel = 630 bits.

3. The RLE compressed data size can vary; therefore, the expression can be represented as:

   • Saving = (Original Size) - (Compressed Size)
   • Thus, the maximum saving can be expressed as:

   $630 - (x imes 7)$ where x is the number of distinct pixel colors in the compressed image.