3 (a) Identify which one of the following is a definition of urban primacy: A) A city with a population of over 1 million people B) A city which is experiencing de-industrialisation C) A city which is much larger in size than the other cities in the country D) A city which is dominated by industries such as mining and fishing - Edexcel - GCSE Geography A - Question 3 - 2020 - Paper 1

A megacity is typically defined as an urban area with a population of over 10 million people. These cities often serve as significant economic, political, and cultural hubs, attracting a large number of migrants due to various opportunities.

To find the mean annual rate of growth, sum the annual growth rates of the countries and divide by the number of countries.

growth rates = 4.2 + 4.99 + 5.68 + 3.76 + 2.80 + 1.57 + 2.6 = 25.72

Mean annual growth rate = 25.72 / 7 = 3.67%

Thus, the mean annual growth rate for urban population in selected African countries is 3.7%.

One reason for the differences in the annual rate of growth may be varying economic opportunities across these countries. Countries with more job prospects and better infrastructure tend to attract more migrants, leading to higher growth rates.

One characteristic of formal employment is that jobs have a regular salary or wage structure, meaning that employees receive consistent paychecks for their work.

One reason is the lack of formal job opportunities, which forces individuals to seek work in the informal sector to survive. Another reason is the flexibility that informal jobs provide, allowing workers to manage their time and commitments despite the lower security and benefits.

The main type of land use at location X is A) residential, indicated by the presence of housing structures and proximity to community amenities.

The distribution of sporting facilities appears to be clustered around community centers and parks, indicating an effort to provide accessible recreational opportunities for residents. However, there may also be disparities based on socioeconomic status, with wealthier areas having more facilities.

Firstly, the Hudson's redevelopment site is situated in a prime location, offering attractive views and proximity to urban amenities, making it appealing for both residential and commercial developments. Secondly, the potential for increased foot traffic and business opportunities can draw investors and promote economic growth in the area.

For example, Tokyo is a named megacity; its location is influenced by its position along the coast, facilitating trade and access to international shipping routes, which has significantly contributed to its economic growth and urbanization.

Mumbai, as a megacity in a developing country, experiences varied quality of life due to factors such as socioeconomic disparity, where affluent areas exhibit better infrastructure and services compared to slums. Additionally, differing access to education and healthcare further exacerbates these disparities, impacting overall living conditions.