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1. Describe two features of royal revenues during the reigns of King Richard and King John - Edexcel - GCSE History - Question 1 - 2020 - Paper 1
Question 1
1. Describe two features of royal revenues during the reigns of King Richard and King John. 1. The king received money from the royal demesne; this included collect... show full transcript
Worked Solution & Example Answer:1. Describe two features of royal revenues during the reigns of King Richard and King John - Edexcel - GCSE History - Question 1 - 2020 - Paper 1
Step 1
Describe two features of royal revenues during the reigns of King Richard and King John.
Answer
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Royal Demesne: King Richard and King John utilized the royal demesne, which included lands owned by the crown. Revenue from the royal demesne was collected primarily through rent. This provided a steady income for the monarchy.
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Scutage Payments: Another significant feature was the scutage, a payment made by knights to the king in lieu of military service. This system was particularly advantageous as it allowed the kings to raise funds for wars and other expenses without necessitating the mobilization of all vassal knights.
Step 2
Explain why King John lost control of Normandy.
Answer
King John's loss of Normandy can be attributed to multiple interrelated factors:
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King John's Marriage: John's marriage to Isabella of Angoulême in 1200 alienated many local lords. The alliance created tensions with Philip II of France, as it was seen as a direct affront to French interests in the region.
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Chateau Gaillard: The strategic fortress, Chateau Gaillard, was pivotal in defending Normandy. However, its capture by Philip II’s forces in 1204 marked a turning point in John's ability to maintain control over the region. The loss of this fortification diminished John's influence and ability to protect his territories.
Additionally, after the Third Crusade, many Barons were wary of further engagement, leading to a lack of support for John's military endeavors.