'Cardwell's army reforms were the most important change in recruitment and training in the years c1800-present.' How far do you agree? Explain your answer - Edexcel - GCSE History - Question 6 - 2020 - Paper 1

To assess whether Cardwell's army reforms were the most significant change in recruitment and training since c1800, we must analyze both the importance of these reforms and other significant changes in military recruitment and training.

Cardwell's Army Reforms

Cardwell's army reforms of the 1870s primarily aimed to modernize the British Army, focusing on professionalizing soldier enlistment and improving training. These reforms included:

• Elimination of Purchase of Commissions: This reform abolished the ability for wealthy individuals to buy military ranks, promoting a meritocratic system in the army.
• Creation of a Reserve Force: This allowed for a larger pool of trained reservists who could quickly augment active forces during times of need.
• Improved Training Regimens: Cardwell’s policies instituted more rigorous training for soldiers, emphasizing professionalism and preparing them better for service.

These measures significantly shifted the army towards a more modern and capable fighting force, thereby enhancing recruitment practices and the overall quality of the military.

Other Significant Changes

While Cardwell's reforms were crucial, considering other factors is equally important:

1. National Service (Conscription): Introduced during both World Wars, National Service marked a significant shift in recruitment by mandating military service among the general population. This expanded the military manpower significantly and created a more diverse fighting force.
2. Post-WWII Reforms: Changes after WWII, including the introduction of psychological evaluations and modern training methods, fundamentally altered how recruits were prepared for combat roles. These adaptations reflect ongoing engagement with the changing nature of warfare and soldiering.
3. Technological Advancements: Over the years, advancements in technology have transformed training methods and recruitment processes, such as the introduction of simulation-based training and digital enlistment platforms.

Conclusion

In conclusion, while Cardwell's army reforms were significant and laid the groundwork for a more effective army, they are part of a broader spectrum of changes that have occurred in military recruitment and training. Factors such as National Service and post-war adaptations have also drastically reshaped the military landscape. Thus, Cardwell's reforms were certainly important, but not singularly the most crucial change when viewed in the wider context of military history.