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Explain why there were changes in the prevention of illness in the years c1700–c1900 - Edexcel - GCSE History - Question 4 - 2021 - Paper 1
Question 4
Explain why there were changes in the prevention of illness in the years c1700–c1900. You may use the following in your answer: - Edward Jenner - Public Health Act... show full transcript
Worked Solution & Example Answer:Explain why there were changes in the prevention of illness in the years c1700–c1900 - Edexcel - GCSE History - Question 4 - 2021 - Paper 1
Step 1
Edward Jenner
Answer
Edward Jenner's discovery of the smallpox vaccine in 1796 marked a significant change in the prevention of illness. Prior to this, smallpox was a devastating disease with high mortality rates. Jenner's method involved inoculating individuals with cowpox, a less virulent disease, to provide immunity against smallpox. This revolutionary approach laid the groundwork for immunology and encouraged further research into vaccination, leading to a systematic approach in preventing various diseases.
Step 2
Public Health Act 1875
Answer
The Public Health Act of 1875 was a pivotal legislation that aimed to improve public health standards across Britain. It mandated the provision of clean water, improved sanitation, and better housing conditions, addressing the root causes of illness. This act marked a shift in the government's role, emphasizing preventive measures in public health policy rather than merely responding to outbreaks. The act was a response to the industrialization era, which had exacerbated health issues due to overcrowded living conditions and pollution.
Step 3
Other Factors
Answer
In addition to Jenner and the Public Health Act, the late 19th century saw advancements in understanding how diseases spread, particularly through the work of scientists like Louis Pasteur and Robert Koch. Their germ theory of disease further propelled the importance of hygiene and sanitation in preventing illness. Additionally, increased awareness and education about health practices played a crucial role in changing public attitudes towards disease prevention during this period.