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Write a narrative account analysing Egypt's relations with Israel in the years 1973–77 - Edexcel - GCSE History - Question 2 - 2018 - Paper 1
Question 2
Write a narrative account analysing Egypt's relations with Israel in the years 1973–77. You may use the following in your answer: • Yom Kippur War (1973) • Presiden... show full transcript
Worked Solution & Example Answer:Write a narrative account analysing Egypt's relations with Israel in the years 1973–77 - Edexcel - GCSE History - Question 2 - 2018 - Paper 1
Step 1
Yom Kippur War (1973)
Answer
The Yom Kippur War, which began on October 6, 1973, marked a significant turning point in Egypt's relations with Israel. It was initiated by Egypt and Syria to regain territories lost during the Six-Day War in 1967, specifically the Sinai Peninsula and the Golan Heights. The surprise attack demonstrated Egypt's intention to reclaim sovereignty and rectify the humiliation experienced by Arab nations following their previous defeat.
The war led to high casualties on both sides but ultimately resulted in a partial military success for Egypt, as they regained some territory. This military engagement brought international attention to the ongoing conflict and prompted the involvement of global powers, including the United States and the Soviet Union.
Step 2
President Sadat
Answer
President Anwar Sadat played a pivotal role in reshaping Egypt's foreign policy post-war. Following the Yom Kippur War, Sadat recognized the necessity for peace in order to rebuild Egypt. In 1977, he made a historic visit to Jerusalem, becoming the first Arab leader to do so, and addressed the Israeli Knesset.
His visit symbolized a bold step towards normalization of relations and demonstrated his willingness to engage in dialogue. Sadat's actions eventually led to the Camp David Accords in 1978, where he and Israeli Prime Minister Menachem Begin, facilitated by U.S. President Jimmy Carter, negotiated a peace treaty that returned the Sinai Peninsula to Egypt. This marked a significant change in the dynamics of Middle Eastern politics.
Step 3
Concluding Analysis
Answer
The period from 1973 to 1977 was characterized by a dramatic shift in Egypt's approach to Israel. The Yom Kippur War and Sadat's subsequent peace initiatives illustrated a transition from military confrontation to diplomatic resolution. While the immediate effects of the war spurred military engagement, the subsequent peace negotiations marked the beginning of a new era of cooperation, aimed at stabilizing the region. Sadat’s leadership was instrumental in changing perceptions and fostering dialogue, despite facing backlash from more hardline factions within Egypt and the Arab world.