Figure 10 shows two different types of the same circuit component - Edexcel - GCSE Physics: Combined Science - Question 5 - 2021 - Paper 1

Ammeters should be connected in series, and voltmeters should be connected in parallel. Thus, the correct option is D.

The relationship between the current and voltage in the graph is non-linear. As the voltage increases, the current also increases, but the rate of increase in current is not constant. This suggests that the filament lamp is exhibiting a characteristic of increasing resistance with increasing temperature as the current flows through it.

Using the formula for resistance:

$R = \frac{V}{I}$

Substituting the values:

$R = \frac{4.5}{51 \times 10^{-3}}$

Calculating this gives:

$R = 88.2 \Omega$

The resistance of the filament lamp changes with increasing voltage due to the phenomenon of thermal effects. As the voltage increases, the power dissipated in the filament increases, leading to a rise in temperature. The higher temperature causes the metal atoms in the filament to vibrate more vigorously, resulting in more frequent collisions between electrons and atoms, which increases the resistance. Thus, a non-linear relationship is observed between voltage and current.