Figure 2 shows an energy transfer diagram for a steam engine. The diagram shows the amounts of energy transferred each second by the steam engine. energy input 2000 J useful energy output 160 J wasted energy (i) Calculate the amount of wasted energy. (ii) Calculate the efficiency of the steam engine. Use the equation efficiency = \frac{(useful \ energy \ transferred \ by \ the \ steam \ engine)}{(total \ energy \ supplied \ to \ the \ steam \ engine)} (iii) State what happens to the wasted energy. (iv) Coal is a fossil fuel that is burnt in some steam engines. State two ways that the use of coal might be harmful to the environment. (b) A model train has a mass of 8.0 kg. It travels at a speed of 1.5 m/s. Calculate the kinetic energy of the model train. Use the equation display[kinetic \, energy = \frac{1}{2} \times mass \times (speed)^{2}] kinetic energy =

GCSE Edexcel Physics Combined Science Kinetic Energy: Figure 2 shows an energy transfe

Figure 2 shows an energy transfer diagram for a steam engine - Edexcel - GCSE Physics Combined Science - Question 2 - 2019 - Paper 1

Question 2

Figure 2 shows an energy transfer diagram for a steam engine. The diagram shows the amounts of energy transferred each second by the steam engine. energy input 200... show full transcript

Worked Solution & Example Answer:Figure 2 shows an energy transfer diagram for a steam engine - Edexcel - GCSE Physics Combined Science - Question 2 - 2019 - Paper 1

Step 1

Calculate the amount of wasted energy.

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Answer

To find the wasted energy, we subtract the useful energy output from the energy input:

\text{Wasted Energy} = \text{Energy Input} - \text{Useful Energy Output} \text{Wasted Energy} = 2000 \text{ J} - 160 \text{ J} = 1840 \text{ J}

Thus, the amount of wasted energy is 1840 J.

Step 2

Calculate the efficiency of the steam engine.

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Answer

Using the efficiency formula:

\text{Efficiency} = \frac{\text{Useful Energy}}{\text{Total Energy}} \text{Efficiency} = \frac{160 \text{ J}}{2000 \text{ J}} \text{Efficiency} = 0.08

To express this as a percentage:

\text{Efficiency} = 0.08 \times 100 = 8\%

Step 3

State what happens to the wasted energy.

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Answer

The wasted energy is typically released into the environment as heat. This heat may raise the temperature of the surroundings and contribute to inefficiencies in the energy system.

Step 4

State two ways that the use of coal might be harmful to the environment.

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Answer

Coal burning releases carbon dioxide, contributing to greenhouse gas emissions and climate change.
The combustion of coal can produce sulfur dioxide, leading to acid rain, which harms ecosystems and structures.

Step 5

Calculate the kinetic energy of the model train.

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Answer

Using the kinetic energy equation:

\text{Kinetic Energy} = \frac{1}{2} \times \text{mass} \times \text{speed}^{2} \text{Kinetic Energy} = \frac{1}{2} \times 8.0 \text{ kg} \times (1.5 \text{ m/s})^{2} \text{Kinetic Energy} = 0.5 \times 8.0 \text{ kg} \times 2.25 \text{ m}^{2}/\text{s}^{2} = 9.0 \text{ J}

Figure 2 shows an energy transfer diagram for a steam engine - Edexcel - GCSE Physics Combined Science - Question 2 - 2019 - Paper 1

Worked Solution & Example Answer:Figure 2 shows an energy transfer diagram for a steam engine - Edexcel - GCSE Physics Combined Science - Question 2 - 2019 - Paper 1

Calculate the amount of wasted energy.

Calculate the efficiency of the steam engine.

State what happens to the wasted energy.

State two ways that the use of coal might be harmful to the environment.

Calculate the kinetic energy of the model train.

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