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The device shown in the picture was invented not long after the discovery of X-rays - Edexcel - GCSE Physics - Question 5 - 2012 - Paper 1
Question 5
The device shown in the picture was invented not long after the discovery of X-rays. It emitted X-rays through the window. In the 1920s, it was used to remove unwan... show full transcript
Worked Solution & Example Answer:The device shown in the picture was invented not long after the discovery of X-rays - Edexcel - GCSE Physics - Question 5 - 2012 - Paper 1
Step 1
Complete the sentence by putting a cross (✗) in the box next to your answer.
Answer
X-rays are:
D ionising radiations emitted by radioactive sources (✓)
X-rays are known for their ability to penetrate materials and are classified as ionizing radiation, which can remove tightly bound electrons from atoms, thereby creating ions.
Step 2
Some users believed that sunglasses would protect their eyes from the X-rays. Explain how effective this would be as a precaution.
Answer
Wearing sunglasses would not be an effective precaution against X-ray exposure. Sunglasses are designed to block visible light, but they do not effectively shield against X-rays, which possess much higher energy and can penetrate most materials, including the lenses of sunglasses.
Step 3
State one of the effects this machine may have had on them.
Answer
One of the effects this machine may have had on users is an increased risk of skin cancer due to the harmful exposure to ionizing radiation. Long-term exposure to X-rays can lead to cellular damage and mutations, resulting in serious health issues.
Step 4
Suggest why people used this device for many years.
Answer
People used this device for many years because it was marketed as a painless and permanent solution for hair removal. The assurance of it being 'harmless' in advertising likely led to consumer confidence in its safety, despite the lack of rigorous safety assessments.
Step 5
By considering the dangers associated with both devices, discuss whether the infrared laser device should be put on general sale to the public.
Answer
The infrared laser device offers a less dangerous alternative to the X-ray device. Infrared lasers target hair follicles without significant ionizing radiation exposure, thus minimizing health risks compared to X-rays. However, it is essential to consider potential side effects such as skin irritation or burns, which, while generally less severe than the risks associated with X-rays, still warrant careful regulation. Therefore, before being placed on general sale, thorough safety testing and regulatory reviews should be conducted to ensure it meets health standards, ensuring user safety while providing effective hair removal.