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Radioactive sources are used in hospitals for both diagnosis and treatment of medical conditions - Edexcel - GCSE Physics - Question 2 - 2017 - Paper 1
Question 2
Radioactive sources are used in hospitals for both diagnosis and treatment of medical conditions. (a) Complete the sentence by putting a cross (X) in the box next t... show full transcript
Worked Solution & Example Answer:Radioactive sources are used in hospitals for both diagnosis and treatment of medical conditions - Edexcel - GCSE Physics - Question 2 - 2017 - Paper 1
Step 1
Step 2
Describe ways that medical staff can be protected from exposure to ionising radiation.
Answer
Medical staff can protect themselves from exposure to ionising radiation in several ways:
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Use of Shielding: Staff can use lead aprons or other protective barriers that absorb radiation.
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Distance: Increasing distance from the radiation source reduces exposure; staff should maintain a safe distance when possible.
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Limiting Exposure Time: Minimizing the time spent near a radiation source can significantly decrease exposure risk.
Step 3
Explain how cancer tumours can be treated using a radiation source placed inside the patient.
Answer
Cancer tumours can be treated using brachytherapy, where a radioactive source is placed directly next to or inside the tumour. This method utilizes:
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Radioactive Source: Typically, alpha or beta particles are used, which have lower penetration but are effective at damaging cancerous cells.
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Targeted Treatment: Direct placement ensures high doses of radiation kill the tumour cells while minimizing damage to surrounding healthy tissues.
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DNA Mutation: The radiation emitted can cause damage to the DNA of cancerous cells, leading to cell death or seriously hindering their ability to divide.