2 (a) Figure 2 shows four items of equipment that can be used in investigations - Edexcel - GCSE Physics - Question 2 - 2022 - Paper 1

To find the moment, we use the equation:

$$ext{moment of a force} = ext{force} imes ext{distance from pivot}.$$

Substituting the values:

$$ext{moment} = 4.0 ext{ N} imes 5.0 ext{ cm} = 20.0 ext{ Ncm} = 0.20 ext{ Nm}$$

For the ruler in Figure 4 to be balanced, the clockwise moment must equal the anticlockwise moment. Given:

• Force Y = 3.0 N at 5.0 cm from the pivot,
• Force Z = 6.0 N at 2.0 cm from the pivot.

Calculating moments:

• Clockwise moment due to Y:

$$ext{Moment}_Y = 3.0 ext{ N} imes 5.0 ext{ cm} = 15.0 ext{ Ncm}$$

• Anticlockwise moment due to Z:

$$ext{Moment}_Z = 6.0 ext{ N} imes 2.0 ext{ cm} = 12.0 ext{ Ncm}$$

Since both moments are equal, the ruler is balanced.

The speed of gear R is the same as the speed of gear P because they have the same number of teeth.

The direction of rotation of R is opposite to that of P as they are interlocked gears.