Figure 6 shows two gears - Edexcel - GCSE Physics - Question 3 - 2020 - Paper 1

Since gear S has 60 teeth and moves 2 complete revolutions, gear T will have its motion described according to the distance moved by gear S. The movement of gear S translates to gear T as follows. With gear S moving 60 mm up per complete revolution, after one complete revolution, it will move:

$60\text{ mm} \times 2 = 120\text{ mm up}$

Thus, the answer is: C 120 mm up.

The moment (torque) about point P is calculated using the formula:

$\text{Moment} = \text{Force} \times \text{Distance}$

Given that the force is 70N and the distance from the pivot point is 0.40m, the moment is:

$\text{Moment} = 70N \times 0.40m = 28 N\cdot m$

The unit of moment is Newton-meter (N·m).

The effort applied by the worker is smaller than the load due to the principle of leverage. The effort is exerted at a larger distance from the fulcrum compared to the load. This distance advantage allows a smaller force (effort) to balance the larger load because the moments about the fulcrum must be equal. Thus:

• The effort is at a greater distance from the fulcrum than the load.

Having sand between the wheel and the axle may create additional friction. This increased friction between the components makes it harder for the wheels to turn, resulting in more resistance when pushing the wheelbarrow. Essentially, more force will be required to overcome this friction, thus making it more difficult to move.