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Figure 12 is a diagram showing a rocket that is sent into space to try and change the path of a small asteroid - Edexcel - GCSE Physics - Question 9 - 2020 - Paper 1

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Figure 12 is a diagram showing a rocket that is sent into space to try and change the path of a small asteroid. (i) The rocket has a mass of 5.5 × 10⁶ kg and is tra... show full transcript

Worked Solution & Example Answer:Figure 12 is a diagram showing a rocket that is sent into space to try and change the path of a small asteroid - Edexcel - GCSE Physics - Question 9 - 2020 - Paper 1

Step 1

Calculate the momentum of the rocket in kg m/s

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Answer

To calculate the momentum (p) of the rocket, we will use the formula:

p=m×vp = m × v

Where:

  • Mass (m) = 5.5 × 10⁶ kg
  • Velocity (v) = 14 km/s = 14,000 m/s (since 1 km = 1000 m)

Substituting the values into the formula:

p=5.5×106extkg×14,000extm/sp = 5.5 × 10⁶ ext{ kg} × 14,000 ext{ m/s}

Calculating:

p=5.5×106×1.4×104=7.7×109extkgm/sp = 5.5 × 10⁶ × 1.4 × 10^4 = 7.7 × 10^{9} ext{ kg m/s}

Thus, the correct option for the momentum of the rocket is C. 7.7 × 10⁹ kg m/s.

Step 2

Calculate the speed of the asteroid

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Answer

To find the speed of the asteroid, we can use the formula:

v=pmv = \frac{p}{m}

Where:

  • Momentum (p) = 7.5 × 10⁶ kg m/s
  • Mass (m) = 8.0 × 10⁶ kg

Substituting the values:

v=7.5×1068.0×106v = \frac{7.5 × 10^{6}}{8.0 × 10^{6}}

Calculating:

v=0.9375extm/sv = 0.9375 ext{ m/s}

Rounding the result:

v≈9.4×103extm/sv \approx 9.4 × 10^{3} ext{ m/s}

Thus, the speed of the asteroid is approximately 9.4 × 10³ m/s.

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