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Myostatin is a protein that animals produce to stop muscle development - OCR Gateway - GCSE Biology (Combined Science) - Question 13 - 2020 - Paper 2
Question 13
Myostatin is a protein that animals produce to stop muscle development. A gene controls the production of myostatin. This gene is mutated in the Belgian Blue breed ... show full transcript
Worked Solution & Example Answer:Myostatin is a protein that animals produce to stop muscle development - OCR Gateway - GCSE Biology (Combined Science) - Question 13 - 2020 - Paper 2
Step 1
What is meant by the term phenotype?
Answer
Phenotype refers to the observable physical and physiological traits of an organism, which are a result of the interaction between its genetic makeup (genotype) and the environment. In the case of Belgian Blue cattle, their phenotype is characterized by increased muscle mass compared to other cattle breeds.
Step 2
Explain why Belgian Blue cattle have a different muscle phenotype.
Answer
Belgian Blue cattle possess a mutation in the myostatin gene. Myostatin normally limits muscle growth; therefore, the mutation inhibits this protein's action, allowing for increased muscle development. As a result, Belgian Blue cattle exhibit a distinctly greater muscle mass.
Step 3
It is unlikely that the Belgian Blue cattle would have developed by natural selection. Explain why.
Answer
Belgian Blue cattle are a product of human intervention through selective breeding, where individuals with desired traits are chosen for reproduction. In natural selection, traits emerge based on survival and reproductive success in a natural environment. The extreme muscle mass of Belgian Blue cattle could hinder their mobility and natural survival, making them less likely to thrive without human assistance.
Step 4
Describe the process of selective breeding Belgian Blue cattle and explain the impact of this on the farming industry.
Answer
Selective breeding involves choosing specific animals with desirable traits (e.g., increased muscle mass) for reproduction. This process enhances specific characteristics in the offspring over generations.
Benefits include improved meat quality and higher market value for farmers, leading to increased profitability. However, risks involve reduced genetic diversity, making the population more susceptible to diseases and environmental changes. In some cases, extreme traits can lead to health problems for the animals, affecting welfare.
Step 5