22. Angina is caused by a problem in the arteries that supply the heart muscle - OCR Gateway - GCSE Biology - Question 22 - 2018 - Paper 1

Smoking 20 cigarettes a day results in a score of 3 points, as this falls into the category of 11–20 cigarettes smoked per day.

As age increases, the risk of getting CHD also increases. In the table, individuals aged 31-40 receive more points, indicating a higher risk compared to younger age groups.

Person A has a total of 5 points:

• Age: 2 points (age 25)
• Smoking: 0 points (non-smoker)
• Cholesterol: 1 point (low blood cholesterol)
• Mass: 1 point (average mass)
• Parents with CHD: 1 point (one parent with CHD)

Person B has a total of 6 points:

• Age: 1 point (age 19)
• Smoking: 3 points (20 cigarettes a day)
• Cholesterol: 1 point (low blood cholesterol)
• Mass: 0 points (below average mass)
• Parents with CHD: 0 points (no parents with CHD)

Thus, Person B has a greater risk of developing CHD due to the higher total score.

Using a stent helps treat CHD by widening the artery, which improves blood flow to the heart muscle. The stent acts as a support structure that keeps the artery open, preventing it from becoming blocked again, and allows more oxygen-rich blood to reach the heart, helping to alleviate angina symptoms.

Advantage: Statins can significantly lower blood cholesterol levels, reducing the risk of heart disease and stroke.
Disadvantage: Some users may experience side effects such as liver damage or digestive problems, and long-term use requires regular monitoring.