13* Fractional distillation can be used to separate different fractions from crude oil - OCR Gateway - GCSE Chemistry: Combined Science - Question 13 - 2019 - Paper 10
Question 13
13* Fractional distillation can be used to separate different fractions from crude oil.
Fig. 13.1 and Fig. 13.2 give some information about the process.
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Worked Solution & Example Answer:13* Fractional distillation can be used to separate different fractions from crude oil - OCR Gateway - GCSE Chemistry: Combined Science - Question 13 - 2019 - Paper 10
Step 1
LPG
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LPG, which stands for Liquefied Petroleum Gas, contains an average of 3 carbon atoms in its alkanes. This is the lightest fraction obtained from crude oil.
Step 2
Naphtha
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Naphtha is the second fraction, which contains an average of 10 carbon atoms. It is commonly used as a solvent and in the production of gasoline.
Step 3
Kerosene
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Kerosene is the third fraction, with an average of 15 carbon atoms in its structure. It is widely used as a fuel for jet engines and heating.
Step 4
Gas oil
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Gas oil, the fourth fraction, averages around 20 carbon atoms in its alkanes. It is often used for diesel fuel production.
Step 5
Lubricating oil
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Lubricating oil contains larger molecules, averaging 35 carbon atoms. It is crucial for reducing friction in engines.
Step 6
Residue
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Lastly, the residue is the heaviest fraction and contains around 40 carbon atoms in its alkanes. It is often used for producing asphalt and heavy fuels.
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