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Explain why the Chinese government took action against opposition in China between 1976 and 1981. - OCR Gateway - GCSE History - Question 6 - 2019 - Paper 1
Question 6
Explain why the Chinese government took action against opposition in China between 1976 and 1981.
Worked Solution & Example Answer:Explain why the Chinese government took action against opposition in China between 1976 and 1981. - OCR Gateway - GCSE History - Question 6 - 2019 - Paper 1
Step 1
Historical Context and Opposition
Answer
After the death of Mao Zedong in 1976, China underwent a significant transition. This period saw the rise of various forms of opposition, including intellectuals and students who advocated for more open political discourse. The Chinese government, viewing these movements as a threat to stability, sought to suppress any dissent that could disrupt the newly emerging policies.
Step 2
Role of Deng Xiaoping
Answer
Deng Xiaoping emerged as a key figure in this transitional period. While he initiated economic reforms, he also maintained that political stability was essential for the success of these reforms. Actions against opposition were taken to ensure that the reform agenda was not derailed by dissenting voices.
Step 3
The Influence of the Cultural Revolution
Answer
The memories of the Cultural Revolution (1966-1976) were still fresh in the minds of the Chinese leadership. They associated opposition with the chaos and instability experienced during that time. Consequently, any form of dissent was met with harsh measures as the government aimed to prevent a recurrence of such turmoil.
Step 4
Political Purges and Control
Answer
The Chinese government undertook political purges to eliminate those viewed as potential rivals. This included targeting members of the 'Gang of Four' and other factions that were seen as threats to the new leadership. The government's actions were thus framed as necessary for maintaining order and control in a rapidly changing environment.
Step 5
International Context and Fear of Instability
Answer
During this period, China was also wary of external influences. The government believed that foreign ideologies could infiltrate and incite opposition movements. Therefore, stringent actions were taken to curb any opposition, justified by a desire to safeguard national sovereignty and stability.