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'Science and technology were the most important factors that improved public health in the Early Modern (1500–1750) and Industrial (1750–1900) periods.' How far do you agree? Give reasons for your answer. - OCR Gateway - GCSE History - Question 4 - 2022 - Paper 1
Question 4
'Science and technology were the most important factors that improved public health in the Early Modern (1500–1750) and Industrial (1750–1900) periods.' How far do ... show full transcript
Worked Solution & Example Answer:'Science and technology were the most important factors that improved public health in the Early Modern (1500–1750) and Industrial (1750–1900) periods.' How far do you agree? Give reasons for your answer. - OCR Gateway - GCSE History - Question 4 - 2022 - Paper 1
Step 1
How far do you agree?
Answer
I agree to a significant extent that science and technology were important factors in improving public health during the Early Modern and Industrial periods. During the Early Modern period, advancements such as the invention of the microscope allowed scientists like Antonie van Leeuwenhoek to discover microorganisms, which led to better understanding of diseases.
In the Industrial period, innovations in medical science, such as the development of anesthesia and antiseptics, significantly improved surgical practices. For example, Joseph Lister's promotion of antiseptic techniques in the 1860s greatly reduced post-surgical infections, thus improving health outcomes.
Step 2
Give reasons for your answer.
Answer
However, I also acknowledge other contributing factors. For instance, public health reforms were significantly impacted by government initiatives. The Public Health Act of 1848 in Britain marked a shift towards systematic approaches to managing sanitation and health.
Additionally, social changes, such as the rise of urbanization, created new challenges that necessitated advancements in public health. The establishment of local boards of health demonstrated the necessity of governmental support in addressing public health crises. Therefore, while science and technology were crucial, the role of government action and social transformations cannot be overlooked. Together, these factors created a multifaceted approach to public health improvements.