2 (a) State three parts of the Brit Milah ceremony - OCR - GCSE Religious Studies - Question 2 - 2021 - Paper 1

The Ark, known as the Aron Kodesh, is vital in a synagogue as it houses the Torah scrolls. It symbolizes the presence of God and acts as a reminder of the importance of the Torah in Jewish life. The Ark is often positioned on the western wall, which is traditionally the direction of Jerusalem, further emphasizing its sacred significance.

The State of Israel is viewed as a safe haven for Jews from around the world, especially in light of historical persecutions. It represents a center of Jewish culture, history, and identity, affirming Jewish continuity and resilience.

Jewish beliefs about life after death vary widely among different denominations. Generally, there are beliefs in an afterlife, resurrection of the dead, and the concept of Gan Eden (paradise). However, the focus tends to be more on living a righteous life in the present rather than detailed doctrines about what comes after.

This statement can be approached from multiple perspectives. On one hand, proponents argue that dietary laws (Kashrut) maintain Jewish identity and heritage. They see these laws as a form of religious expression and a commitment to faith. On the other hand, critics may argue that these laws are outdated and impractical in a modern, globalized world. They claim that dietary choice should be personal and not dictated by tradition. Moreover, some modern interpretations of Judaism may emphasize ethical eating and vegetarianism over strict adherence to Kashrut. Thus, while some find the laws to be a vital part of Jewish life, others question their relevance today.