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The existence of Ultimate Reality (a) Describe the role of ‘skilful action’ in deciding what is good - OCR - GCSE Religious Studies - Question 2 - 2019 - Paper 1
Question 2
The existence of Ultimate Reality (a) Describe the role of ‘skilful action’ in deciding what is good. (b) Describe how dependent origination causes samsara. (c) E... show full transcript
Worked Solution & Example Answer:The existence of Ultimate Reality (a) Describe the role of ‘skilful action’ in deciding what is good - OCR - GCSE Religious Studies - Question 2 - 2019 - Paper 1
Step 1
Describe the role of ‘skilful action’ in deciding what is good.
Answer
In Buddhism, ‘skilful action’, or ‘kusala’, refers to actions that are guided by wisdom, compassion, and a deep understanding of the interdependent nature of reality. This concept emphasizes that actions resulting in positive karma are those that not only seek personal benefit but also consider the well-being of others. Skilful actions arise from mental factors such as right intention, right concentration, and right effort. As a result, it establishes a moral framework that aids individuals in discerning what is good in various contexts.
Step 2
Describe how dependent origination causes samsara.
Answer
Dependent origination, or ‘pratītyasamutpāda’, is the principle that all phenomena arise in dependence upon multiple causes and conditions. This interconnectedness leads to the cycle of samsara, the repeating cycle of birth, death, and rebirth. Specifically, ignorance (avidyā) leads to volitional actions (saṃskāra), which in turn result in consciousness (vijñāna) and subsequent experiences. Each stage builds upon the previous one, reinforcing the cycle of suffering and continual rebirth. By understanding this cycle, one can work towards breaking it by cultivating wisdom and ethical behavior.
Step 3
Explain what Buddhism teaches about the reasons for human suffering.
Answer
Buddhism teaches that human suffering, or ‘dukkha’, primarily arises from attachments and desires, which are rooted in ignorance. The Four Noble Truths outline the nature of suffering and its causes. The first noble truth acknowledges suffering's existence, while the second identifies desire and attachment as the causes. The third truth offers the possibility of cessation of suffering through the extinction of these desires known as 'Nirvana'. Finally, the fourth truth lays out the Eightfold Path as a guide to relieve suffering by cultivating mindfulness, ethical conduct, and wisdom.
Step 4
Discuss this statement. In your answer, you should: • Draw on your learning from across your course of study, including reference to beliefs, teachings and practices within Buddhism. • Explain and evaluate the importance of points of view from the perspective of Buddhism.
Answer
The statement ‘Discussions about Ultimate Reality are pointless’ can be critically examined within the framework of Buddhism. While some may argue that focusing on Ultimate Reality distracts from practical ethical living and the alleviation of suffering, Buddhism suggests that understanding the nature of reality is essential for liberation. The concept of ‘śūnyatā’ or emptiness indicates that ultimate truths transcend ordinary discourse yet provide a basis for addressing personal and societal suffering. Engaging in these discussions can enhance one's spiritual practice, guiding practitioners in their efforts to comprehend experiences beyond ordinary perception. Furthermore, differing perspectives can offer deeper insights into Buddhist teachings and improve the foundation for compassion and ethical behavior. Thus, while the practical implications of one's actions are paramount, understanding Ultimate Reality can enrich one's wisdom and compassion.