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Attempt either A or B - Scottish Highers Biology - Question 15 - 2023
Question 15
Attempt either A or B. Write your answer in the space below and on pages 29 and 30. A Write notes on plant and animal breeding under the following headings: (i) in... show full transcript
Worked Solution & Example Answer:Attempt either A or B - Scottish Highers Biology - Question 15 - 2023
Step 1
(i) inbreeding
Answer
Inbreeding refers to the breeding between closely related individuals, which can lead to an accumulation of homozygous alleles. Over several generations, this practice can significantly reduce genetic variation and may eliminate heterozygosity. As a result, inbreeding depression may occur, characterized by a decline in reproductive performance and an increase in genetic disorders due to the accumulation of deleterious alleles.
Step 2
(ii) crossbreeding.
Answer
Crossbreeding involves mating individuals from different breeds or cultivars. This generates F1 hybrids that typically exhibit increased vigor, known as hybrid vigor. The offspring may inherit desirable traits from both parent breeds, enhancing characteristics such as growth rate, disease resistance, and overall yield. However, F1 hybrids are often not bred together as the F2 generation can express a wide array of traits, which may not be desirable.