4. Cider is made from apples in a process that involves crushing and pressing the apples, converting the sugars in the apples into alcohol, maturing and bottling - Scottish Highers Chemistry - Question 4 - 2019
Question 4
4. Cider is made from apples in a process that involves crushing and pressing the apples, converting the sugars in the apples into alcohol, maturing and bottling.
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Worked Solution & Example Answer:4. Cider is made from apples in a process that involves crushing and pressing the apples, converting the sugars in the apples into alcohol, maturing and bottling - Scottish Highers Chemistry - Question 4 - 2019
Step 1
State what is meant by the term enzyme.
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Answer
An enzyme is a biological catalyst or protein that acts to accelerate chemical reactions in living organisms.
Step 2
Calculate the % mass of alcohol in the cider.
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Answer
To find the % mass of alcohol in the cider, we first need to calculate the total mass of the cider:
Total mass of cider = Volume × Density = 50 , cm^3 × 1.36 , g/cm^3 = 68 , g.
Now, we can use the formula:
Step 3
Name compound X.
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Compound X is carbon dioxide (CO₂).
Step 4
State the systematic name for glycerol.
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Answer
The systematic name for glycerol is propane-1,2,3-triol.
Step 5
Explain fully why procyanidin B2 is water soluble.
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Answer
Procyanidin B2 is water soluble due to the presence of multiple hydroxyl groups (-OH) in its structure. These hydroxyl groups can form hydrogen bonds with water molecules, facilitating the dissolution process. The polarity of the molecule contributes to its ability to interact with the polar water molecules.
Step 6
Name the carboxylic acid used to make ethyl 2-methylbutanoate.
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The carboxylic acid used to make ethyl 2-methylbutanoate is 2-methylbutanoic acid.
Step 7
Name the molecule on which terpenes are based.
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Answer
The molecule on which terpenes are based is isoprene.
Step 8
Name the functional group circled in the ethanol molecule.
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The functional group circled in the ethanol molecule is the hydroxyl group (-OH).
Step 9
Name this product.
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Answer
The product of further oxidation of ethanol is ethanal (acetaldehyde).
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